ca April 1888 to 31 Dec 1891
US foreign surface letter rate 5 c
US Conversion rate 1 US cent = 5 goldcentimes
Swedish conversion rate 1 goldcentime = 0.80 öre for letters, 1 goldcentime=1 öre for postcards and printed matters
US marking shows the amount missing in goldcentimes.
In Sweden the indicated amount was doubled and multiplied by 0.80 for letters and 1 for postcards and printed matters. The amount due was paid by affixing postage due stamps.
Double rate letter with 2 cent. Correct rate 10 cent. Shortpaid 8 cent. US due manuscript indicate number of rates (2) and amount missing; 8x5=40 centimes. When arriving in Sweden the amount have been doubled and multiplied by 0.8 (2x40x0.8) and 64 has been indicated in blue manuscript. 64 öre in postage due stamps have been affixed on back but these postage due stamps have not been paid for. The item seems to have been sent originally to Austria and then remailed to Norway, Sweden and finally Russia. The item was subject to the same procedure in Norway as in Sweden so the "64" may have been written already in Norway.
Larsson & Larsson (2008) has a somewhat different interpretation of the rates on this cover as they state that the amonts of 64 öre have actually been paid for in both Norway and Sweden of the person remailing the item.