/added 21 Nov 2005
Postage due items from USA to Sweden
1 Nov 1953 to 30 Jun 1961
US foreign surface letter rate 8 c
US Conversion rate 1 US cent = 3 goldcentimes
Swedish conversion rate 1 goldcentime = 1.7 öre
US handstamp shows amount to pay in goldcentimes, normally double deficiency.
In Sweden the indicated amount multiplied by 1.7 and rounded up to nearest 5 öre was marked on the item. The amount due was normally paid by affixing stamps on the item.

Letter with 6 cent. Correct rate 8 cent. Shortpaid 3 cent. US due handstamp indicates 2x2x3=12 centimes. Amount converted to Swedish öre; 12x1.7=20.4 rounded up to 25 öre and paid by affixing postage stamp on the item.